Integration or Black Power?

Integration politics experienced a postcolonial crisis in the late 1960s. This was a crisis driven by the simultaneous and inter‐related eruption of Powellism and Black Power. This article uses the crisis of integration politics to show the Powellite conjuncture from its other side, as it played out in the reconstitution of black British politics. It shows how black activists responded to the rise of Powellism by demanding that the politics of integration be either abandoned or reframed, to more fully shake out the colonial inheritances that lurked within it. The integration proposed by the postwar project of race relations was problematic from its inception; Black Power used Powell's intervention to expose these problems and demand change.     

The effects of executive constraints on political trust

This article explores political trust, delving into its subcomponents and the relationship between them. It is interested in explaining why governmental trust and trust in regulative state institutions are similar in some countries and different in others. It argues that the variation can best be explained by checks on the executive. This is the case because the more restricted the executive, the less regulative state institutions are affected by the fluctuations in governmental trust. When the government cannot encroach upon state institutions, the impartiality and efficacy of regulative institutions are maintained. The less governmental interference to regulative state institutions, the more such institutions will be devoted to the public rather than partisan interests, resulting in a wider gap between state and government trust. The argument is tested through an empirical analysis of a cross-national panel data based on all existing waves of the World Values Survey.     

The politics of HIV/AIDS in South Africa: government action and public response

A decade ago it seemed likely that African governments would be destabilised by the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This article tests some of the presumptions in such forecasting with an examination of the South African case. It begins with an assessment of the effects on the public health system of the South African government’s efforts to cope with the illness. Efforts to implement universal treatment of people who are HIV-positive appear to have strengthened government, while the costs have been affordable. The efforts have extended the embrace of the public health system and prompted the engagement of civil society in policy formation and implementation. Survey evidence suggests that the government has gained public approval and that its health service delivery has become more socially accountable. Civil protest to engender political reforms in the treatment of AIDS patients has enhanced the role of constitutional checks on executive authority.     

“思想道德修养与法律基础”课程教学模式思考

目前,我国“思想道德修养与法律基础”课程中存在着教学形式单一、考核评估方式单一化、职业道德的培养缺乏针时性等问题,急需一种新的教学模式来克服这些不足,而诊所式法律教育模式正好有效地解决了这些问题.为了有效在“思想道德修养与法律基础”课程引入诊所式法律教育模式,必须做好加强诊所教师培训等八个方面工作,才能真正改变“思想道德修养与法律基础”课程中存在的问题.     

Prospect theory,operational code analysis,and risk-taking behaviour: a new model of China’s crisis behaviour

Integrating prospect theory and operational code analysis, this paper introduces an innovative approach to studying the decision making of Chinese leaders during crises. The unique contribution of this paper is to adopt the methodology of operational code analysis to measure the domain of actions of policy makers in the application of prospect theory. We suggest that leaders’ operational code beliefs can help us to identify in which domain of actions (gains or losses) leaders are located during crises. Xi Jinping experienced two notable foreign policy crises in 2014, the ‘oil rig’ crisis with Vietnam and the ‘P-8 crisis’ with the United States, which are examined in detail to illustrate Xi’s operational code beliefs and risk-taking behaviour of ‘confident accommodation’ behaviour during crises. To test the process validity of integrating operational code analysis and prospect theory, Hu Jintao’s operational code beliefs and crisis behaviour in 2011–2012 are then compared to Xi’s beliefs and decisions in this study of China’s crisis behaviour.     

Resilience in the Face of Adversity: African Immigrants' Mental Health Needs and the American Transition

The aims of this qualitative study were to explore key sources of emotional distress and coping strategies among West African immigrants. Thirty-eight adult West African immigrants participated in six semistructured, open-ended focus group sessions. Focus group data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. While participants reported high levels of psychological distress associated with racial/cultural discrimination, intimate partner violence, parenting, extended-family demands, and problematic immigration status, they demonstrated resilience and the ability to identify a range of coping strategies that draw on their cultural heritage. Only two of the participants reported having used psychological services; both outcomes were negative. The findings of this study are considered in terms of their clinical implications.     

民国时期集体劳动合同立法述论 —— 以 1930 年《团体协约法》为中心

民国时期，通常将个别劳动合同称为劳动契约，而将集体劳动合同称为团体协约。中国劳工立 法较迟，团体协约立法则更晚。国民政府有关团体协约的立法最早可以追溯至 1929 年《劳动法典草案》的编纂， 其后在《工会法》起草过程中也有团体契约权的规定。延至 1930 年，国民政府正式颁行《团体协约法》，这是 中国历史上第一部有关集体劳动合同的专门法律。《团体协约法》的出台因应了当时中国工业化过程中劳资冲 突的实际需求，但也不可避免地存在历史局限。     

代表理论与代表组成结构问题分析

代表理论的核心问题是在代表和选民之间建立一种制度约束和激励机制,保证民主选举的真正有效与民主政治的正常运行。本文认为"代表组成结构"充分体现了民主选举的优越性,将之作为选举前分配名额比例和选举中提出确定候选人名单的依据,并没有一种坚实的代表理论作为支撑。实践证明,千方百计落实事先设计的代表结构比例,反而会牺牲民主选举的真实性。应该以代表理论反思我国选举制度运行过程中出现的弊端,改进与完善人大代表的选举,使得我国人民代表大会制度有一个健康的发展。     

论世界专利

世界专利是专利制度发展的趋势.建立世界专利的客观条件已经基本具备:程序一体化对世界专利产生起着巨大的推动作用;地区性专利条约为世界专利提供了直接的样板;美国专利法改革为专利制度的统一消除了重要障碍;专利审查高速公路合作为单一审查打下了良好的实践基础;实体专利法条约取得进展.世界专利可能采取的模式包括PCT改进版模式、欧洲专利模式、统一生效加申请进入模式、单一世界专利模式等,它们各有特点.这四种模式也可以看作是世界专利的四个发展阶段.     

“一国两制”的内涵及其发展

"一国两制"是我党本着实事求是的基本路线,制定的实现祖国统一的基本方针,它具有四个基本内涵。"一国两制"成功解决了香港和澳门问题后,在解决台湾问题上,随着形势的变化而产生的五个方面的发展,这些发展体现了实事求是、与时俱进的马克思主义理论品质。